(104) Cypermethrin Causes Dysfunction in Bovine Mammary Glands via Induction of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation

Jiyeon Ham¹; Whasun Lim²; Wonhyoung Park³; Sunwoo Park⁴; Gwonhwa Song⁵;

1. Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
3. Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
4. Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
5. Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea


Abstract Text: Cypermethrin, a type of insecticide, is commonly used to manage insects and preserve crops. However, concerns arise regarding its residue presence and potential harm to non-target organisms like mammals. The effects of cypermethrin on mammary tissue and milk production in dairy cattle remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of cypermethrin using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), which play a crucial role in milk yield and quality. Exposure to cypermethrin made a decrease in cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle progression, followed by an analysis of correlated gene expression. Additionally, cypermethrin elevated the proportion of MAC-T cells undergoing early and late apoptosis. Mitochondrial calcium overload and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were also observed. Furthermore, cypermethrin disrupted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death and excessive oxidative stress. Moreover, cypermethrin altered the transcription levels of apoptosis- and inflammation-related genes, potentially contributing to clinical conditions such as mastitis. Thus, we elucidated the mechanisms by which cypermethrin affects oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in impaired mammary glands functions.